One Another by Their Morphology Essay Example for Free

One Another by Their Morphology Essay Bacteria can be distinguished from one another by their morphology (size, shape, and staining characteristics). In this lab experiment, bacterial morphology was examined by observing both stained and unstained organisms. A wet mount is a preparation process where a live specimen in culture fluid is placed on a slide and the organism is free to move about. In the wet mount slides provided via LabPaq software with cheek, dental plaque, and yeast specimens were observed. The wet mount preparations were difficult to observe because of poor contrast, however, a common occurrence in the specimens were cells large in size and translucent in color. The slides provided with direct staining using crystal violet gave the most imagining of morphology. The directly stained cells gave off a purplish hue to the cells, making them easier to visualize and classify. The indirect specimens stained with congo red provided translucent cells while others were a brownish red, however, the cellular characteristics were easily distinguishable. There was no experiment provided in which indirect staining using both congo red and crystal violet was undertaken. It may be hypothesized therefore that in this case one may observe both red and purple stains of cells depending upon the negative or positive component of the cell. Staining enhances the visualization of smears and reveals differential characteristics such as morphology. As stated previously, utilizing a wet mount prepared slide, the specimens were difficult to visualize. However, using the staining methods, specific bacterial morphologies were identified. For example, at 100x, a direct stain of yeast returned a cluster of cocci. A stain is a chemical that adheres to structures of the microorganism and in effect dyes the microorganism so the microorganism can be easily seen under a microscope. Stains used in microbiology are either basic (direct) or acidic (indirect). Basic dyes are used for positive or direct staining and the specimen is stained while the background remains clear. Indirect staining is preparing colorless bacteria against a colored background. Acidic dyes are used for negative staining. In the experiments, the smears in each type of staining did not appear different in each type of staining. For example in the direct stain of the check, the cells appeared irregularly round shaped with a nucleus. With the indirect stain, the cheek cells had the same appearance as in the direct stain. The smears were the same, with only enhanced contrast due to staining. This is because staining whether direct or indirect does not change the appearance of the smears, only improves the images. This explains why the smears did not appear different in each type of staining. When observing the cells in the plaque and those in the yeast smears, it can be noted that both contain cocci, however, the cocci in the plaque smears were in chains, whereas the cocci in the yeast smears were in clusters. The cells seen in the smear from the mouth smear yielded large, flat, irregularly shaped cells that contained a nucleus. The cells appeared to be independent of other cells and scattered about. The irregular flat shape of the cell may predict the function of this cell to protect and propel foreign substances to the back of the mouth.

The Pediatric Sector Essay -- Health, Pharmaceutical, HIPAA

The Pediatric sector is one of the major economic contributors for health care industry (Slonim, LaFleur, Ahmed, & Joseph, 2003). The major cause of pediatric deaths is due to lack of interoperability among pediatric clinics. Medical errors are very common in pediatric departments. According to study by Kozer, Berkovitch, and Koren (2006) most of the drugs for children under age 12 are off-labeled and there is no standard dosing available. â€Å"Off-label use is a practice of prescribing pharmaceuticals for an unapproved indication† (Stanford, 2008). Some medications are adjusted according to body weight and nature of children. It is also very difficult to find medical reactions in children compared to older people. Some drugs referred by physicians needs to be diluted and doses needs to be calculated before they are given to children (Kozer, Berkovitch, & Koren, 2006). Calculation errors can end up in overdose of medicines, which can result in deaths (Kozer, Berkovitch, & Kor en). There are many reasons for the medical errors in health care industry. In year 2000, a study by IOM reported that there is economic loss from medical errors due to which health care industry was in a crisis (Kohn, 2000). It was found that even with the advancement of technological innovations health care is not utilizing technologies like electronic format of records. According to law set by US congress, President Bush declared that â€Å"every American should have an electronic medical record within 2014.† (Pear, 2007). The goal was to use technological innovation like Electronic health record system (EHR) across the country for all health care departments (Bush, 2004). With change in presidency the goal became more as a requirement. President Obama started intr... ...nt challenge faced by health care sector is the resistance to adopt newer technologies (Gupta & Murtaza, 2009). This is more common with major clinics and hospitals as they have to change the clinical workflows. Even if there are many benefits in using new technologies there are major challenges faced by the physicians, nurses and staff in redoing their workflow (Ilie, Slyke, Parikh, & Courtney, 2009). This study will be focusing on the pediatric departments with in the city of Chicago and analyzes the perceptions of using newer technologies in the work. Even if there are mandatory laws from government to move towards the EHR systems, the health care can push back with the challenges they will face when moving to a new technology. The study should also provide useful insights on how health care officials perceive the challenge of computerizing medical information.

Plato theory of forms Essay

Plato was a duellist and thus believed that there are two worlds; the material world and the world of ideas/Forms. The world of ideas or Forms is the true reality and the world of appearances is just reflections of world of Forms. Plato believed that our knowledge of the Forms was a priori which means that our souls knew the Forms before it was inside us, therefore we have knowledge prior to experiencing the objects with our senses. Plato believes everyone is born with an intuitive but imperfect understanding of the Forms. He also believes the philosopher is able, through using his intellect, to achieve true knowledge of the abstract Forms without using his senses. Plato’s theory of Forms can be seen as unconvincing to some who believe that abstract ideas e. g table, horse, beauty are actually names that have been invented to help people describe their experiences of the physical world. This is a materialistic view as it suggests that objects in this world are the real reality and our ideas can develop based on experience of things. Aristotle agrees with this and believes knowledge is gained through experience and that there is not an eternal World of Forms that is a priori to us. However, in Plato’s defence some believe that each variety of a Form shares a likeness for example each horse is slightly different yet they all share something that makes it resemble a horse. According to Bertrand Russell, Plato`s theory made a `very important advance in philosophy, since it is the first to emphasise the problem of universals’. Plato’s theory is often regarded as unconvincing due to the fact that Plato believes that every object and idea in the world of appearances is an imperfect copy of an image or Form in the World of Forms. This suggests that there is a perfect Form of things such as a cinema ticket, mud or an insect and so on. According to Bertrand Russell, his ideas of the Forms when taken to its extreme.

Civitan International Club - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1272 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category History Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? History of Civitan International Club Civitan International in the United States is a product of a group of professional and business leaders who often held meetings at Birmingham as part of the national civic club. The national civic club was mainly founded on personal gain. In a meeting in 1917, the group of professional and business leaders reformed the club into one that would serve the needs of the community and the world at large. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Civitan International Club" essay for you Create order The group of men all held the thought that their actions would assist in building the community and world. The newly formed independent service organization formed on March 17, 1917, was named Civitan, which was derived from the Latin word civitas that meant good citizenship. This explains its mottoBuilders of Good Citizenship. The reformation of the Civitan club into the Civitan International in April 15m 1920 was mainly influenced by the clubs third president, Dr. Courtney Shropshire. Dr. Courtney doubled up as the clubs president and local surgeon. The elected leaders of the international club were Rev. J.A. MacSporran as the vice president, John Fry as the treasury, and John Mix as the secretary. The Civitan International club introduced a 1oclock weekly Friday meeting at the Emerson Hotel whose membership is limited to one representative of every profession or business (The Baltimore Sun, 1921). Since 1921, the leaders who have spoken in the luncheon include Col. Arthur F. Woods who urged the members to take advantage of the unemployment problem in the United States, Mayor Broening who substituted Howard Jackson, C. T Marshall Chief Justice of the U.S Supreme Court of Ohio who urged citizens to corporate in order to end the menace facing America, the Brazilian Consul George William Chester who remarked that the developed of international trade resulted from the abolition of slavery in 1880, Miss Edith M. Kempothorne who introduced the Camp Fire Course to train leaders, A.M Free of California who suggested that women were the reason for the unrest in the United States, and Bishop John Gardener who urged workers to donate to worthy courses only (The Baltimore Sun, 1921; The Ba ltimore Sun, 1922; The Baltimore Sun, 1923; The Baltimore Sun, 1925; The Baltimore Sun, 1924; The Baltimore Sun, 1925). International Growth Several other clubs were formed across the United States in the following years with the Birmingham Civitan Club as the Mother Club of the Civitan International. In 1921, the Civitan Club acquired its charter from the national body. (The Baltimore Sun, 1921). During the first convention in 1921 held in Birmingham, the international club had a total of 30 clubs and over 300 delegates. In the second convention, the club had further grown into 115 clubs and over 3,300 civitans in 1925. During the second convention, Shropshire was given the titleFounder of Civitan International because of leading the international club for two terms as president. A luncheon organization was formed in 1921 that was to be held at 1oclock every Friday at the Emerson. In 1932, the first international club was formed in Toronto, Canada by one of the Civitans who had relocated to Toronto for business purposes. In 1969, a European club was formed in Norway and later spread to Germany and Sweden in 1970, Asia in 1974, and Japan in 1975. Today, there are clubs in 47 nations like Jordan, Ghana, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Russia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and Nepal among many others. The membership of the clubs is open to both male and females after membership was extended to female sin 1974. Among the famous members of the club include President John F. Kennedy, President William Clinton, racecar driver Richard Petty, and athlete Bo Jackson among many others. Projects Undertaken The main projects undertaken by the early members revolved around providing aid to the less fortunate in the society. The first community services provided by the Civitan club were during the World War I that started just a month after the formation of the club. The club mainly helped the soldiers fighting and welcoming the veterans into the club after returning home from the war. Other outstanding aid projects conducted included Civitans in Knoxville, Tennessee raising $ 100,000 for the establishment of a three-story hospital for patients suffering from tuberculosis in 1923. Civitans in Rogersville, Alabama raised $40,000 to establish a high school in 1929 after the local school committee was put to an end. The Civitan club held club contests and raised $300,000 to establish an extra wing at the Childrens Hospital School adjacent to Druid Hill Park (The Baltimore Sun, 1922). The Civitan club held an affair at the Auditorium Theatre with radio and dance stars in order to raise funds to help the crippled children (The Baltimore Sun, 1922). A depot at 202 North Pearl Street was established and a truck was deployed for people to donate clothes and shoes. In 1960, the club started awarding scholarships to college students after forming the Civitan International Foundation. The foundation was formed in memory of Dr. Courtney Shropshire who died in 1965. The Civitans also assists the disabled children to take part in physical activities like walking and building parks and taking part in their civic duty of voting. To further support the disabled in the society, the club built a Research Center in 1992 at the Univeristy of Alabama, Birmingham that focuses on conducting research studies on developmental disabilities. The Research Center was unveiled during the 75th anniversary celebrations of the Civitan International Club. The running of the Research Center is possible through a $20 million commitment fund from the Civitan International, the Civitan Chesapeake Districts Foundation, and personal donations from all Civitans. The yearly donations have aided the Research Center to purchase resources needed for the research studies. The International Research Center has made tremendous breakthroughs since its formation. It has incorporated the Civitan Sparks Clinic that was formerly known as the Sparks Center for Learning and Developmental Disorders, a treatment center in Birmingham, and a clinical diagnosis. As a way of marking their centennial anniversary, the club formed a Young adults club known as the Young Professionals or the YP Civitan Clubs. A Civitan International Neuroimaging laboratory was formed in 2016 to assist scientists in conducting more advanced research about neurological disorders. In order to conduct their aid projects, the club depends on donations from good Samaritans and the revenue generated from the sale of Claxton Fruit Cake. There is also candy boxes placed in restaurants where patron would donate their loose change into the candy boxes and get a mint in exchange. Since 1976 when the Civitans in Louisville, Kentucky formulated the idea, a total of $50 million has been raised to support the clubs aid projects. A Restoration Fund campaign was launched by the club to raise funds to renovate the International headquarters building in preparation of their Centennial International Convention in 2017. To find more about the clubs course, one can visit the official website, www.civitan.org. Or call at 1-800-CIVITAN. Any media inquiries should be done at the PR and Communications Department by emailing them at [emailprotected] References https://civitan.org/centennial-history-timeline/ https://civitan.org/about-us/history-of-civitan/ The Baltimore Sun. (1921). Civitan Club Organized, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p 4. The Baltimore Sun. (1921). Col. Woods Says Radicals Profits by Unemployment, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p9. The Baltimore Sun. (1923). Jackson to Address Civitan Club, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p 4. The Baltimore Sun. (1925). Bolshevism Cure offered by Jurist, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p 3. The Baltimore Sun. (1922). Camp Fire Course Began, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p.5. The Baltimore Sun. (1922). Clubs in Hot Contest To Aid Cripple Children, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p 4. The Baltimore Sun. (1924). Brazilian Consul is Speaker, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p 3. The Baltimore Sun. (1925). Women are Blamed for unrest in United States, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p 9. The Baltimore Sun, Community Fund Teams Report $ 167,000, ProQuest Historical Newspaper s, p 28. The Baltimore Sun. (1921). Civitan Clubs gets Charter, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p 7.